ZNR 46 (2024)

Nachruf

  • Clausdieter Schott (1936–2023), in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 1–2

Beiträge

  • NILS HAUSER, Berlin
    „Unter Ausschluss des Rechtsweges“? Zur Rolle von § 164 StGB beim ‚Rechtsschutz‘ ohne Rechtsweg gegen die Entlassung nach dem Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums, in: in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 220–230

This article explores the interaction between criminal and public law using the historical example of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service and Section 164 of the German Criminal Code (StGB) and their application in the years 1933 to 1935. To this end, the author first presents the main features of the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service and the amendment of Section 164 StGB by the National Socialists, before moving on to the interplay between the two laws in practice. In doing so, the author shows that – although legal recourse was excluded under the latter law – Section 164 (2) StGB, which was introduced by the National Socialists themselves, opened up the possibility of seeking “legal protection” against the National Socialist “cleansing” of the civil service. The National Socialist administration successfully prevented a judicial review of this “cleansing”, but the charges against potential denunciators nevertheless had an effect by forcing the administration to review its dismissal decisions.

  • JANA JANIŠOVÁ, Olomouc
    The Minor Provincial Court of the Margraviate of Moravia in the 16th Century (Genesis – Office and Officials – Judicial Agenda), in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 3­–19

The minor provincial court in Moravia belonged to the key institution of the Estates judiciary. This institution functioned on two basic levels, as an office and as a court. As an office, it handled almost all the business related to the running of the („major“) provincial court. Its clerks were involved in many of the procedural acts of the provincial court, writing manuscripts and taking suits to court. In its own court practice, the minor provincial court dealt with small disputes over small sums. The minor provincial court was exclusively a matter for the knights. Serving in the minor offices represented an important career option for the lower nobility.

  • TAKASHI KATSUMATA, Tokio
    Eine soziologische Wende und die Entstehung der Lehre vom guten alten Recht bei Fritz Kern, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 177–196

The well circulated and many times criticized Doctrine of the “good old law” by Fritz Kern is supposed to be described mainly in his two works: “Gottesgnadentum und Widerstandsrecht im früheren Mittelalter” and “Recht und Verfassung im Mittelalter”. However, the former is led by a concept of collision of several legal elements, like Germanic and Christian ideas or the sovereignty of the people and absolutism, which reminds us of Otto von Gierke’s way of thinking. The latter seems, in contrast to that, strongly influenced by the theory of Ferdinand Tönnies and strictly distinguishes the medieval and modern understandings of law, which was an epoch-making event of introducing the sociological typology into legal history. These results are also confirmed by analyzing another treatise he wrote between the two works, “Über die mittelalterliche Anschauung vom Recht”. Kern and Tönnies shared a similar destiny in the Nazi era, when the conceptions of those for the regime unwelcomed scholars were turned into theories endorsing or conforming to the Nazi ideology.

  • NIKLAS KIRCHNER, Halle/Saale
    Wirkungen der Ehe im Sächsischen Recht. Entstehungsgeschichte der §§ 1630–1645 des Sächsischen BGB von 1863/65, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 20–45

As a core area of marriage law the general effects of marriage cover the rights and duties of spouses among themselves as well as the effects of marriage with regard to third parties. This paper focuses on the development of the general effects of marriage in 19thth Century Saxony especially on the formation of §§ 1630–1645 of the Civil Code for the Kingdom of Saxony (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch für das Königreich Sachsen) of 1863/65, the so-called Saxon Civil Code (Sächsisches BGB). These provisions regulate the rights and duties of husband and wife within the marriage as well as the impact of marriage on legal transactions of the wife with third parties. The analysis of the genesis of these provisions is most notably of importance, because the Saxon Civil Code not simply remained a 19thth Century draft as many others, but it actually entered into force. Thus, its system and its substance served as a role model for the unified Germany’s Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) of 1896/1900.

  • STEPHAN WAGNER, Halle (Saale)
    The German Reception of the Franco-Italian Draft Code of Obligations (1927), in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 197–219

The Franco-Italian Draft Code of Obligations (DCO) prepared by French and Italian experts from 1916 until 1927 is not only of importance for these two countries but also for others. In particular, German lawyers focus on the DCO, first in the Weimar Republic, and then, inspired by the Rome–Berlin Axis, in the Third Reich. In the Weimar Republic the DCO is principally the object of legal comparison. These are on the one hand two reports in Italian by Erwin Riezler and Paul Oertmann dealing with its regime of invalidity of contracts respectively law of unjustified enrichment and law of delict published 1930 in the Annuario di diritto comparato e di studi legislativi, and on the other hand the first volume of Ernst Rabel’s groundbreaking “Law of the Sale of Goods” (Recht des Warenkaufs) released, however, in 1936. After the seizure of power by the National Socialists the DCO is even actually consulted in the course of legislative projects at the Akademie für Deutsches Recht as in the exposé and memorandum on the doctrine of default (Lehre von den Leistungsstörungen) presented by Heinrich Stoll. In addition, the institutionalisation of legal cooperation between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy leads to the creation of the Working Group for German-Italian legal relations. Thus, its conferences have to be taken into account as well, to see who relies in which context and to what extent to the concepts and provisions of the DCO.

Miszelle

  • ROLAND KLEINHENZ, Erfurt
    Neues vom Jahrhundertprojekt. Zur „History of Parliament“ des House of Lords (1660 bis 1715) von Ruth Paley, ZNR 46 (2024), S. 46–59

Diskussion

  • MICHELE LUMINATI, Luzern
    Meistererzählungen und Fragmentierungen in der schweizerischen Rechtsgeschichtsschreibung: Mythen, Fabeln und ein gewisses Unbehagen, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 60–96

Swiss legal historiography is characterised by two surprisingly long-lasting master narratives: 1) Eugen Huber’s great narrative on the history of private law (1893), which conveyed the image of a separate Swiss development from the late Middle Ages onwards, far removed from ius commune and learned jurists. After the Second World War and in the 1990s, attempts were made to establish a ’romanist’ counter-narrative. At the same time, Pio Caroni spent years developing his own great narrative, which focuses primarily on the 19th and 20th centuries and emphasises the political and social background of the Swiss Civil Code. While Caroni’s work has remained relatively isolated, in recent years there has been a battle for interpretative control over the mythical figure of Eugen Huber and his great narrative. 2) The master arrative of constitutional history, which is characterised by the liberal ideas of the late 19th century and has found its current version in the exhaustive work by Alfred Kölz (1992–2004). In addition to these two master narratives, fragmentation can also be observed within the Swiss legalhistorical landscape: in addition to the long-standing linguistic and cultural differences, greater thematic fragmentation has also occurred in recent decades, which on the one hand can be interpreted positively as pluralisation, but on the other hand also bears the risk of a final drifting apart.

Forschungsberichte

  • MARKUS HIRTE, Rothenburg ob der Tauber
    Juristische Strafrechtsgeschichte, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 97–137
  • HENRI HANNULA – NATHALY MANCILLA-ÓRDENES – HEIKKI PIHLAJAMÄKI – AIRTON RIBEIRO – GUSTAVO ZATELLI, Helsinki/Naples
    Unpacking Early Modern Colonial Law: A Brief Overview of the Literature of the Last Twenty Years, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 138–157
  • SEBASTIAN M. SPITRA, Vienna
    A Short Introduction to Research in the History of International Law: Current State, Contexts and Perspectives, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 231–278

Länderbericht

  • TZUNG-MOU WU, Taipei
    Taiwan, in: in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 279–289

This report provides a concise overview of the development of legal history as a scholarly discipline on the island of Taiwan, spanning from the late 1920s to the present day.2) Drawing on the most recent available data, it begins with an examination of Taiwan’s legal education system, the population of legal historians, and the learned societies they have established. The report is structured chronologically, divided into two main periods: the first extending from the early twentieth century to the late 1980s, and the second from the 1990s to the present. This report concludes with discussions of characteristics and trends in Taiwan’s historical legal research.

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Zeitschriftenschau, in: ZNR 46 (2024), S. 321–358